What are the advantages and disadvantages of the procedures used to treat:-?
-Diabetes
-Kidney infection
-Meningitis
Answers:
Diabetes mellitus is impaired insulin secretion and variable degrees of lateral insulin resistance leading to hyperglycemia. Early symptoms are related to hyperglycemia and include polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria. Later complications include vascular disease, peripheral neuropathy, and predisposition to infection. Diagnosis is by measure plasma glucose. Treatment is diet, exercise, and drugs that reduce glucose levels, including insulin and oral antihyperglycemic drugs. Prognosis varies near degree of glucose control.
Bacterial UTIs can involve the urethra, prostate, bladder, or kidneys. Symptoms may be absent or include urinary frequency and urgency, dysuria, lower abdominal pain, and flank dull pain. Systemic symptoms and even sepsis may occur with kidney infection. Diagnosis is based on analysis and culture of urine. Treatment is next to antibiotics.
Acute bacterial meningitis is fulminant, often fatal pyogenic infection beginning within the meninges. Symptoms include headache, fever, and stiff neck. Without rapid treatment, obtundation and coma follow. Diagnosis is by CSF test. Treatment requires antibiotics, often beginning empirically with a 3rd- or 4th-generation cephalosporin, vancomycin, and ampicillin; corticosteroids are usually given. Residual morbidity is adjectives.
Aseptic meningitis is inflammation of the meninges with CSF lymphocytic pleocytosis and no cause apparent after routine CSF stains and cultures. Viruses are the most adjectives cause. Other causes may be infectious or noninfectious. Symptoms include fever, headache, and meningeal signs. Viral aseptic meningitis is usually self-limited. Treatment is usually symptomatic.
Meningeal inflammation that last > 2 wk (subacute meningitis) or > 1 mo (chronic meningitis) may have infectious or noninfectious causes (eg, cancer). Diagnosis requires CSF analysis, usually after CT or MRI. Treatment is directed at the cause. Source(s): http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec12/ch158/ch…
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/…
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes
http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec17/ch231/ch…
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/…
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyelonephri…
http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec16/ch218/ch…
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/…
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningitis
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-Kidney infection
-Meningitis
Answers:
Diabetes mellitus is impaired insulin secretion and variable degrees of lateral insulin resistance leading to hyperglycemia. Early symptoms are related to hyperglycemia and include polydipsia, polyphagia, and polyuria. Later complications include vascular disease, peripheral neuropathy, and predisposition to infection. Diagnosis is by measure plasma glucose. Treatment is diet, exercise, and drugs that reduce glucose levels, including insulin and oral antihyperglycemic drugs. Prognosis varies near degree of glucose control.
Bacterial UTIs can involve the urethra, prostate, bladder, or kidneys. Symptoms may be absent or include urinary frequency and urgency, dysuria, lower abdominal pain, and flank dull pain. Systemic symptoms and even sepsis may occur with kidney infection. Diagnosis is based on analysis and culture of urine. Treatment is next to antibiotics.
Acute bacterial meningitis is fulminant, often fatal pyogenic infection beginning within the meninges. Symptoms include headache, fever, and stiff neck. Without rapid treatment, obtundation and coma follow. Diagnosis is by CSF test. Treatment requires antibiotics, often beginning empirically with a 3rd- or 4th-generation cephalosporin, vancomycin, and ampicillin; corticosteroids are usually given. Residual morbidity is adjectives.
Aseptic meningitis is inflammation of the meninges with CSF lymphocytic pleocytosis and no cause apparent after routine CSF stains and cultures. Viruses are the most adjectives cause. Other causes may be infectious or noninfectious. Symptoms include fever, headache, and meningeal signs. Viral aseptic meningitis is usually self-limited. Treatment is usually symptomatic.
Meningeal inflammation that last > 2 wk (subacute meningitis) or > 1 mo (chronic meningitis) may have infectious or noninfectious causes (eg, cancer). Diagnosis requires CSF analysis, usually after CT or MRI. Treatment is directed at the cause. Source(s): http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec12/ch158/ch…
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/…
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diabetes
http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec17/ch231/ch…
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/…
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyelonephri…
http://www.merck.com/mmpe/sec16/ch218/ch…
http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/…
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meningitis
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