Where do they get hold of estrogen for pills?
I was wondering where "they" get estrogen for hormone pills and used within lab tests? Do they come from other lab animals or what?
Answers:
They synthesize it, much like almost all other medication.
Estrogen is produced primarily by developing follicles in the ovaries, the corpus luteum, and the placenta. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulate the production of estrogen in the ovaries. Some estrogens are also produced in smaller amounts by other tissues such as the liver, adrenal glands, and the breasts. These subsidiary sources of estrogen are especially important in postmenopausal women.
Synthesis of estrogens starts in theca interna cell in the ovary, by the synthesis of androstenedione from cholesterol. Androstenedione is a substance of moderate androgenic activity. This compound crosses the basal membrane into the surrounding granulosa cells, where on earth it is converted to estrone or estradiol, either immediately or through testosterone. The conversion of testosterone to estradiol, and of androstenedione to estrone, is catalyzed by the enzyme aromatase.
Estradiol levels oscillate through the menstrual cycle, with levels highest basically before ovulation.
from cows
it is synthetic, it's made by pharmaceutical companies.
Estrogen is purchased from pharmaceutical companies, it is derived mostly from equine (horse) urine. It's delivered to the animals by several means depending on the jargon of the experiment. Usually it's given through a subcutaneous injection, but it can also be injected directly into the brain if you're looking at brain reactions. As well, it's also put into a time release capsule that is to say put into the skin of the animals.
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Answers:
They synthesize it, much like almost all other medication.
Estrogen is produced primarily by developing follicles in the ovaries, the corpus luteum, and the placenta. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) stimulate the production of estrogen in the ovaries. Some estrogens are also produced in smaller amounts by other tissues such as the liver, adrenal glands, and the breasts. These subsidiary sources of estrogen are especially important in postmenopausal women.
Synthesis of estrogens starts in theca interna cell in the ovary, by the synthesis of androstenedione from cholesterol. Androstenedione is a substance of moderate androgenic activity. This compound crosses the basal membrane into the surrounding granulosa cells, where on earth it is converted to estrone or estradiol, either immediately or through testosterone. The conversion of testosterone to estradiol, and of androstenedione to estrone, is catalyzed by the enzyme aromatase.
Estradiol levels oscillate through the menstrual cycle, with levels highest basically before ovulation.
from cows
it is synthetic, it's made by pharmaceutical companies.
Estrogen is purchased from pharmaceutical companies, it is derived mostly from equine (horse) urine. It's delivered to the animals by several means depending on the jargon of the experiment. Usually it's given through a subcutaneous injection, but it can also be injected directly into the brain if you're looking at brain reactions. As well, it's also put into a time release capsule that is to say put into the skin of the animals.
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