How do genes within genetic diseases become triggered?
There are some genetic diseases that are apparent once a baby is born, particularly those affecting the metabolic system. But why do some disease close to cancer or hypertension only develop much later in time? What causes this dormancy?
Answers:
What is a genetic disease?
A genetic disease or disorder is any disease that is caused by an abnormality surrounded by an individual's genome. The abnormality can range from minuscule to major -- from a discrete mutation in a single platform in the DNA of a single gene to a gross chromosome abnormality involving the addition or subtraction of an entire chromosome or set of chromosomes.
What are the different types of inheritance?
There are a number of different types of genetic inheritance, including the following four modes:
1. Single gene inheritance -- Also call Mendelian or monogenic inheritance. This type of inheritance is caused by changes or mutations that occur surrounded by the DNA sequence of a single gene. There are more than 6,000 known single-gene disorders, which occur in more or less 1 out of every 200 births.
Some examples of single gene inheritance are cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, Marfan syndrome, Huntington's disease, and hemochromatosis. Single-gene disorders are inherited in recognizable pattern: autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked.
2. Multifactorial inheritance -- Also called complex or polygenic inheritance. This type of inheritance is caused by a combination of environmental factors and mutations within multiple genes. For example, different genes that influence breast cancer susceptibility have been found on chromosomes 6, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, and 22. Some common chronic diseases are multifactorial disorders.
Examples of multifactorial inheritance include heart disease, glorious blood pressure, Alzheimer's disease, arthritis, diabetes, cancer, and obesity. Multifactorial inheritance also is associated with heritable traits such as fingerprint patterns, rank, eye color, and skin color.
3. Chromosome abnormalities -- Chromosomes, distinct structures made up of DNA and protein, are located in the nucleus of each cell. Because chromosomes are the carrier of the genetic material, abnormalities in chromosome number or structure can result surrounded by disease.
For example, Down syndrome or trisomy 21 is a common disorder that occurs when a person have three copies of chromosome 21. There are many other chromosome abnormalities including Turner syndrome (45,X), Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY), the cat cry syndrome (46, XX or XY, 5p-), and so on.
4. Mitochondrial inheritance -- This type of genetic disorder is caused by mutations contained by the nonchromosomal DNA of mitochondria. Mitochondria are small round or rod-like organelles that are involved in cellular respiration and found in the cytoplasm of plant and animal cells. Each mitochondrion may contain 5 to 10 circular pieces of DNA.
Examples of mitochondrial disease include an eye disease call Leber's hereditary optic atrophy; a type of epilepsy called MERRF which stands for Myoclonus Epilepsy with Ragged Red Fibers; and a form of dementia call MELAS for Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis and Stroke-like episodes. Source(s): http://www.medicinenet.com/genetic_disea…
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Answers:
What is a genetic disease?
A genetic disease or disorder is any disease that is caused by an abnormality surrounded by an individual's genome. The abnormality can range from minuscule to major -- from a discrete mutation in a single platform in the DNA of a single gene to a gross chromosome abnormality involving the addition or subtraction of an entire chromosome or set of chromosomes.
What are the different types of inheritance?
There are a number of different types of genetic inheritance, including the following four modes:
1. Single gene inheritance -- Also call Mendelian or monogenic inheritance. This type of inheritance is caused by changes or mutations that occur surrounded by the DNA sequence of a single gene. There are more than 6,000 known single-gene disorders, which occur in more or less 1 out of every 200 births.
Some examples of single gene inheritance are cystic fibrosis, sickle cell anemia, Marfan syndrome, Huntington's disease, and hemochromatosis. Single-gene disorders are inherited in recognizable pattern: autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked.
2. Multifactorial inheritance -- Also called complex or polygenic inheritance. This type of inheritance is caused by a combination of environmental factors and mutations within multiple genes. For example, different genes that influence breast cancer susceptibility have been found on chromosomes 6, 11, 13, 14, 15, 17, and 22. Some common chronic diseases are multifactorial disorders.
Examples of multifactorial inheritance include heart disease, glorious blood pressure, Alzheimer's disease, arthritis, diabetes, cancer, and obesity. Multifactorial inheritance also is associated with heritable traits such as fingerprint patterns, rank, eye color, and skin color.
3. Chromosome abnormalities -- Chromosomes, distinct structures made up of DNA and protein, are located in the nucleus of each cell. Because chromosomes are the carrier of the genetic material, abnormalities in chromosome number or structure can result surrounded by disease.
For example, Down syndrome or trisomy 21 is a common disorder that occurs when a person have three copies of chromosome 21. There are many other chromosome abnormalities including Turner syndrome (45,X), Klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY), the cat cry syndrome (46, XX or XY, 5p-), and so on.
4. Mitochondrial inheritance -- This type of genetic disorder is caused by mutations contained by the nonchromosomal DNA of mitochondria. Mitochondria are small round or rod-like organelles that are involved in cellular respiration and found in the cytoplasm of plant and animal cells. Each mitochondrion may contain 5 to 10 circular pieces of DNA.
Examples of mitochondrial disease include an eye disease call Leber's hereditary optic atrophy; a type of epilepsy called MERRF which stands for Myoclonus Epilepsy with Ragged Red Fibers; and a form of dementia call MELAS for Mitochondrial Encephalopathy, Lactic Acidosis and Stroke-like episodes. Source(s): http://www.medicinenet.com/genetic_disea…
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